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It is made by heating and liquefying sugar, and spinning it centrifugally through minute holes, causing it to rapidly cool and re-solidify into fine strands. Several sources track the origin of cotton candy to a form of spun sugar found in Europe in the 19th century. At that time, spun sugar was an expensive, labor-intensive endeavor and was not generally available to the average person. Machine-spun cotton candy was invented in 1897 by dentist William Morrison and confectioner John C. Joseph Lascaux, a dentist from New Orleans, Louisiana, invented a similar cotton candy machine in 1921. His patent named the sweet confection “cotton candy”, eventually overtaking the name “fairy floss”, although it retains this name in Australia. Tootsie Roll Industries, the world’s largest cotton candy manufacturer, makes a bagged, fruit-flavored version called Fluffy Stuff.
In the United States, National Cotton Candy Day is celebrated on December 7. Heaters near the rim of the head melt the sugar, which is squeezed out through tiny holes by centrifugal force. The molten sugar solidifies in the air and is caught in a larger bowl which totally surrounds the spinning head. Left to operate for a period, the cotton-like product builds up on the inside walls of the larger bowl, at which point machine operators twirl a stick or cone around the rim of the large catching bowl, gathering the sugar strands into portions which are served on stick or cone, or in plastic bags. As the sugar reserve bowl empties, the operator recharges it with more feedstock.
Modern innovations in cotton-candy equipment include vending machines which automatically produce single servings of the product, developed in Taiwan and lighted or glowing sticks. The source material for candy mesh is usually both colored and flavored. When spun, cotton candy is white because it is made from sugar, but adding dye or coloring transforms the color. Originally, cotton candy was just white. Typically, once spun, cotton candy is only marketed by color. In 1978, the first automated machine was used for the production of cotton candy.
Since then, many variants have appeared, ranging in size from counter-top to party- and carnival-size. In Coney Island, Weaving a Confection That Tastes Like Long-Ago Summers”. Best Of Worst — July 4th Foods”. The Untold Truth of Cotton Candy”.